WHY NUCLEAR DISARMAMENT IS A UTOPIA

Although nuclear disarmament is a worldwide aspiration from many nations around the world, this dream has not come true. In fact, the number of countries developing nuclear weapons is gradually increasing. Despite the legal framework in place, no single nuclear-weapon state has totally complied with nuclear disarmament. However, each state’s decision to acquire its own nuclear weapon is based on the fact that the international system is anarchical. Likewise, history has highlighted that nations cannot totally trust one another. Additionally, ever-increasing technology, low social capital among states, partial compliance with the legal framework, and miscalculated state narratives contribute to increasing rivalry among countries. Finally, despite criticism, nuclear weapons have the ability to protect what states consider important. As a result, nuclear disarmament is a utopia

Essays on beliefs, democracy and local labor markets: an empirical examination for Peru

This thesis presents three empirical chapters on local labour markets, mineral booms, beliefs, conflict and uncertainty. All the analysis was conducted using Peruvian data and context. The first chapter finds that Peruvian individuals exposed to violent events during their impressionable years trust less government institutions, and feel less identified with their neighbours, while more identified with religious groups. The estimated effect is small and heterogeneous depending on the identity of the perpetrator. The effect on identification with groups of population is also heterogeneous by the indigenous origin of the individuals. Owners of an agricultural plot embedded in a cooperative setting at the local level exhibit even smaller levels of identification with their locals while higher levels of identification with their ethnic group. In line with recent literature, these findings suggest that conflict has a small but persistent effect on the formation of trust and identity, which is a central feature to understand the interaction between culture and institutions, and ultimately to understand the persistent consequences of wars. The second chapter studies the relationship between democratic beliefs and economic uncertainty. I explored whether uncertainty experienced during the impressionable years of the individuals is a key factor behind the formation of the democratic beliefs. Results showed that this type of uncertainty had no effect on the determination of democratic beliefs. Combining uncertainty with the exposure to authoritarian regimes did not change the result. This result is robust to different definition of rural individuals, the interaction of uncertainty and degree of experienced authoritarianism, and different formative periods. Current uncertainty, on the other hand, was unable to fully explain the formation of democratic beliefs. The final chapter investigated the local labour effects of mining booms. Using two rounds of population census for 1043 districts in Peru I documented that large-scale mining activity had a positive effect on local employment over 14 years. The effect was differentiated by industry, skill and migration status. Employment grew by 4% faster by one standard deviation increase in the mineral prices. Both high and low skilled workers enjoyed similar employment increase, however only low skilled workers experienced a decline in unemployment. Using data from 10 annual household surveys I found that, consistent with a model of heterogeneous firms and labour, wages for low skilled workers in districts close to the mining activity was 5% higher by every standard deviation increase in the index of mineral prices. Additional evidence with the census data suggested that to a large extent locals working in the mining or the agricultural sector filled the new employment opportunities. Together these findings suggest that large-scale mining activity increases the demand for mining and agricultural local employment, and the wages in the local economy

Measuring agri-food supply chain performance: insights from the Peruvian kiwicha industry

Purpose: Agri-food firms face many challenges when assessing and managing their performance. The purpose of this research is to determine important factors for an integrated agri-food supply chain performance measurement system. Design/methodology/approach: This research uses the Peruvian kiwicha supply chain as a meaningful context to examine critical factors affecting agri-food supply chain performance. The research uses interpretative structural modelling (ISM) with fuzzy MICMAC methods to suggest a hierarchical performance measurement model. Findings: The resulting kiwicha supply chain performance management model provides insights for managers and academic theory regarding managing competing priorities within the agri-food supply chain. Originality/value: The model developed in this research has been validated by cooperative kiwicha associations based in Puno, Peru, and further refined by experts. Moreover, the results obtained through ISM and fuzzy MICMAC methods could help decision-makers from any agri-food supply chain focus on achieving high operational performance by integrating key performance measurement factors

Concreto reforzado con fibras de coco para pavimentos rígidos en el distrito de Kimbiri – provincia la Convención - Cusco, 2021

En la presente investigación el objetivo principal fue determinar el aporte de la adición de la fibra de coco en las propiedades mecánicas para concretos reforzados de f’c=210kg/cm2 para pavimentos, para así determinar el porcentaje óptimo de fibra de coco que pueda ser utilizado para construcción de pavimentos rígidos. Así mismo se diseñaron mezclas según método ACI 210 con resistencia de f’c=210kg/cm2 tanto de concreto patron y concretos experimentales con adición de fibra de coco respecto al peso de los agregados finos tales como; 0.25%, 0.50% y 0.75%. así mismo se analizó las propiedades de la fibra de coco (contenido de humedad y resistencia a tracción), también se analizó las propiedades de los agregados (granulometría, peso específico, peso unitario y porcentaje de absorción) según normas de ASTM y NTP, luego se muestrearon probetas cilíndricas para ensayos a compresión y muestras tipo viga para ensayos a flexión, para cada uno (concreto experimental, concreto con 0.25%, 0.50% y 0.75% de fibra de coco) se realizaron 3 unidades por cada diseño y para cada edad de 7, 14 y 28 días. Posteriormente según fecha de rotura fueron ensayadas a compresión obteniendo resultados a edad de 28 días, concreto patron 342kg/cm2, concreto con adición de fibra de coco 0.25% 352kg/cm2, 0.50% 283kg/cm2 y 0.75% 267kg/cm2 y para ensayos de flexión a edad de 28 días concreto patron 37kg/cm2, concreto con adición de fibra de coco 0.25% 40kg/cm2, 0.50% 37kg/cm2 y 0.75% 35kg/cm2. En función a los resultados obtenidos resaltamos que el porcentaje más óptimo de fibra de coco fue de 0.25% con resultados positivos en resistencia a compresión y flexión superando al concreto patron

El efecto moderador de la calificación crediticia soberana entre el PIB y la deuda soberana

Sovereign credit ratings are very important for any national and international economy. While a sovereign credit rating upgrade can encourage international investors and boost a country’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP), a downgrade can have devastating effects for an already weak economy. On the other hand, sovereign debts can have important economic effects and it is related, to some degree, to a country’s GDP. Consequently, there is a need to study how sovereign credit ratings can moderate the relationship between GDP and sovereign debts. To study sovereign credit rating, Moody’s and Standard and Poor’s, as two of the most prestigious credit rating agencies, were taken into consideration. Panama’s public data from 2000 to 2019 related to GDP and sovereign debt was analyzed. Two moderation analyses were performed to test two hypotheses by using SPSS AMOS Version 27.0. The results in the empirical research demonstrated that sovereign credit rating moderates the relation between the two variables. Moody’s and Standard and Poor’s sovereign credit rating demonstrated to be significant in both cases.Las calificaciones crediticias soberanas son muy importantes para cualquier economía nacional e internacional. Si bien una mejora de la calificación crediticia soberana puede alentar a los inversores internacionales y aumentar el Producto Interno Bruto (PIB) de un país, una rebaja puede tener efectos devastadores para una economía ya débil. Por otro lado, las deudas soberanas pueden tener efectos económicos importantes y están relacionadas, en cierta medida, con el PIB de un país. En consecuencia, existe la necesidad de estudiar cómo las calificaciones crediticias soberanas pueden moderar la relación entre el PIB y las deudas soberanas. Para el estudio de la calificación crediticia soberana se tuvo en cuenta a Moody’s y Standard and Poor’s, como dos de las agencias de calificación crediticia más prestigiosas. Se analizaron los datos públicos de Panamá de 2000 a 2019 relacionados con el PIB y la deuda soberana. Se realizaron dos análisis de moderación para probar dos hipótesis utilizando SPSS AMOS Versión 27.0. Los resultados de la investigación empírica demostraron que la calificación crediticia soberana modera la relación entre las dos variables. La calificación crediticia soberana de Moody's y Standard and Poor's demostró ser significativa en ambos casos

Déficit habitacional y política de vivienda social en el Asentamiento Humano Los Álamos, San Juan de Lurigancho, Lima 2021

El proyecto de investigación titulado “Déficit Habitacional y Política de Vivienda Social en el Asentamiento Humano Los Álamos, San Juan de Lurigancho, Lima 2021”, tiene como objetivo general determinar de qué manera se relaciona el déficit habitacional y la política de vivienda social (Caso Techo Propio) en el asentamiento humano Los Álamos. La metodología de la investigación tubo un enfoque cuantitativo, de tipo básica y el diseño no experimental transversal de nivel descriptivo correlacional. La población de estudio fue el asentamiento humano Los Álamos de San Juan de Lurigancho que cuenta con 439 pobladores, a su vez tubo una muestra de 205 pobladores del mismo asentamiento humano. Los resultados de la presente investigación se obtuvieron por medio de la correlación de Rho de Spearman, mostrando una correlación considerable entre la variable déficit habitacional y la variable política de vivienda social (Caso Techo Propio). De la misma forma se concluye que la política de vivienda social está contribuyendo a reducir considerablemente la problemática del déficit habitacional en el asentamiento humano Los Álamos por medio de la intervención del programa Techo Propio, permitiendo a los pobladores acceder a una vivienda de interés social

Diseño, implementación y resultados de la plataforma de gestión del conocimiento sobre Dengue 2015- 2018

The present study describes the design, implementation and results of the knowledge management platform about Dengue 2015-2018 that allows centralized access in an interface to reliable local information, regional and international. The knowledge management platform is an interface that contains information organized and systematized for decision making, which is based on the work of the National Health Institute, which is to promote the transfer of knowledge, which is carried out through different actors such as the Scientific Information and Documentation Cente

Implementación de la Gestión del Conocimiento en el Instituto Nacional de Salud, Lima-Perú

The article describes the experience in the development of an Implementation Project Knowledge Management at the National Institute of Health in the process of implementing a technological platform for knowledge management, based on a self-organizing model, which will store and disseminate knowledge, facilitating trade and promoting a collaborative culture. In this pilot project platform implementation of knowledge management collaborative tools converge. In this sense, the implementation will respond to communication functions, data management, information transfer and knowledge

Implementación de la Gestión del Conocimiento en el Instituto Nacional de Salud, Lima-Perú

The article describes the experience in the development of an Implementation Project Knowledge Management at the National Institute of Health in the process of implementing a technological platform for knowledge management, based on a self-organizing model, which will store and disseminate knowledge, facilitating trade and promoting a collaborative culture. In this pilot project platform implementation of knowledge management collaborative tools converge. In this sense, the implementation will respond to communication functions, data management, information transfer and knowledge